This lesson covers periodisation in training, emphasising the importance of structuring training into specific periods to align with growth and development stages, ensuring athletes achieve peak performance at the right time.
Periodisation in Training
Periodisation serves as a strategic framework for organising training, competition, and recovery. This methodical approach ensures athletes achieve peak performance at the right time. By structuring training into periods, phases, mesocycles, and microcycles, athletes can focus on developing sport-specific skills, tactics, and mental resilience. This structured plan aligns with growth, maturation, and trainability principles, preparing athletes for competitions that match their developmental stage.
Sensitive Periods for Training Adaptation
Athletes experience heightened responsiveness to training during specific growth phases known as sensitive periods. These periods are identified through biological markers like peak height velocity (PHV) and menarche in females. Understanding these periods is crucial for optimising training:
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Stamina (Endurance): Best developed during the growth spurt onset, typically at ages 10-11 for girls and 12-13 for boys.
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Strength: Girls benefit most immediately after PHV or at menarche onset, while boys see gains 12 to 18 months post-PHV.
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Speed: Boys have sensitive periods at ages 7-9 and 13-16, while girls experience these at 6-8 and 11-13.
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Suppleness (Flexibility): Optimal development occurs between ages 6 and 10 for both genders.
These periods guide the design of training and recovery programmes, ensuring they align with an athlete’s developmental stage for maximum adaptation.
Developing Long-Term Training Plans
Creating effective long-term training plans requires consideration of several factors:
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Developmental Age: Tailor training to the athlete’s biological age to introduce and emphasise appropriate sport and physical activity aspects.
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Sensitive Periods: Utilise biological markers like PHV and menarche to time training adaptations.
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Holistic Approach: Incorporate mental, cognitive, and emotional development, along with social and ethical considerations.
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Physical Literacy and Skills: Focus on developing fundamental skills and ethical values, such as fair play.
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Competition Alignment: Ensure the competition calendar supports the athlete’s development, prioritising training and growth over immediate competition success.
By considering these elements, training plans can effectively support an athlete’s growth and performance.
Key Takeaways
Periodisation in training helps athletes achieve peak performance by structuring training into specific periods that align with growth and development stages.
- An athlete preparing for the FootGolf World Cup uses periodisation to plan their training schedule, ensuring they peak at the time of the competition.
Actionable Steps
- Identify the current developmental stage of an athlete you are working with and adjust their training schedule to align with their sensitive periods for optimal adaptation.